The recent terminal redevelopment P3s that the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) pioneered at LaGuardia and then JFK are not included in the All Clear for Takeoff study, except as publicly managed airports. This is in part because those P3s were still too recent to evaluate operationally and because getting operational data at the terminal level is more difficult than at the airport level.
Absent federal policy reforms, however, the future of the U.S. airport P3 industry will likely look like terminal redevelopment projects such as those implemented by PANYNJ, rather than the brownfield airport concessions that are common abroad. Other types of U.S. airport P3s that are poised for growth are projects for secondary services at airports like consolidated rental car facilities, and redevelopment or expansion projects for smaller or regional US airports. All three of those types of projects have gained traction among U.S. airports in recent years.